Language and vocabulary Essay Example for Free

Language and jargon Essay Language can be characterized as a methods for correspondence through spoken sounds, composed images, or hand and body motions. Subject to this straightforward definition language is neither human nor creature selective, implying that every single living animal utilize some type of language to impart. People have made the most developed arrangement of language. Human language has progressed to incorporate tuning in, talking, perusing, composing, seeing and visual portrayal. These parts are known as the six language expressions and keeping in mind that they are singular segments they are too related. What you find out around one influences what and how you find out about the others. Listening is the establishment for talking, perusing and composing. Listening is the manner by which we decipher sounds that we hear and what those sounds mean. Before all else listening is simply open. Our cerebrum gets sounds and starts to inventory those sounds. Listening is both a sound-related and a visual expertise and starts during childbirth. Offspring of ordinary hearing start by making impersonating sounds those sounds at that point become words. Visual listening is regularly most explicitly noted in little youngsters with a conference weakness and is alluded to as communication through signing. Gesture based communication isn't only for the conference impeded. Guardians/parental figures use hand signals to expand the significance of a word or to add worth or effect on a word. A case of this is seen when a mother shakes her head or finger at a kid as she says â€Å"no†. In the study hall youngsters will by and large start a standard daily schedule of tuning in. Understudies learn by model and redundancy. Instructors clarify what is required, exhibit the ideal undertaking or expertise, and rehash. Understudies will increase great listening abilities as they get familiar with their group schedule, tune in to stories and guidance. Understudies increase a comprehension of the undertaking, and decipher what they have heard. As a comprehension has been gotten they assess for a fitting reaction. Talking or the demonstration of making a significant word comes later than does tuning in. Talking is generally alluded to as an expressive ability and must be scholarly. A kid starts to frame words somewhere close to ten and eighteen months old enough. The principal expression of a youngster is regularly momma or dada. The youngster rehashes the sounds or articulations got notification from the grown-ups around him. Discourse doesn't really happen until the verbally expressed word is purposeful and intended to convey. When a kid reachesâ kindergarten he has likely increased a 2000 †3000 word jargon. While this number may appear to be over the top Dr. Mary E. Dahlgren states that a starting kindergartener ought to have a 6000 word jargon for ideal evaluation and class execution (Dahlgren, 2008). In the homeroom a student’s jargon size was a successful indicator of understanding cognizance. Youngsters with a confined or constrained jargon likewise had declining understanding scores in the third grade. The basic instructor can advance talking by permitting the understudy the chance to talk and by tuning in to the understudy totally. Talking about an as of late read book, or open conversations are manners by which an educator can help a student’s discourse advancement. Perusing is the understanding of composed images and includes the visual view of those images. Perusing interfaces the significance of images with the words that has been expressed or heard. Kindergarten understudies manufacture perusing abilities as they progress from letter acknowledgment to early phonics. They start to gain proficiency with the start and closure hints of normal or high recurrence words. As their jargon expands understudies start to utilize words in setting. In the homeroom perusing ought to be energized, ought to be deliberate, and ought to be entertaining. Understudies who figure out how to peruse well accomplish more and appreciate the learning procedure all the more completely. Dynamic perusers make for attentive people and deliberate speakers and this is when understanding of the content is experienced. During early perusing advancement youngsters learn by exercises structured around phonemic mindfulness. Normally this can be viewed as understudy collaboration with rhyming games, sing-an aches, and listening games. As these games become recognizable the educator will incorporate visual guides, for example, letter cards, word streak cards, autonomous understanding time, and composing assignments. These early perusing procedures help in the advancement of early understanding abilities. Composing like talking is expressive. This is the place the understudies start to put their own considerations into print. This is the most otherworldly of every one of the six language expressions encounters. Composing joins earlier information on perusing, talking and tuning in. Youngsters start to show early composition as they explore different avenues regarding pastels, chalk, and markers. They make jots and later structure letter-like structures as little children. As the youngster is building his initial tuning in and perusing expertise they are too fabricating the early composing abilities through pre-phonemic spelling and replicating strategies. A few youngsters use concocted spelling lastly ordinary spelling strategies. Composing as it evolvesâ over time considers correspondence on a wide level through existence that might not have been conceivable something else. In the homeroom composing is a way to transfer an exercise, message, or idea. Understudies ought to be urged to compose or attract the most ideal way they know how to. Understudies should be happy with committing errors as this prompts new disclosures and individual fulfillment. Survey is a significant segment of education and language improvement. Survey is incredibly expansive and isn't constrained to children’s books. Truth be told review ought to be expressed as any visual substance including TV, print promotions, multi-media, and even PC programming. Understudies must figure out how to fathom and coordinate visual information similarly that they should figure out how to understand composed, verbally expressed, heard and read data (Roe Ross, 2013). As understudies expand on their establishment aptitudes in perusing and composing, they are likewise starting to utilize basic reasoning abilities. This is the place youngsters start to comprehend that individuals see things in an unexpected way. It is significant that understudies figure out how to increase significant and important substance from what they see. Understudies figure out how to understand the message, assess the message, and decide the legitimacy of the message. This is an on-going procedure that finishes from earliest stages adulthood. Understudies in the homeroom ought to be instructed how to utilize explicit understanding systems and to basically investigate the substance in everything that they see. Outwardly Representing is a method of imparting through visual pictures. It was normal practice for the craftsmanship instructor to have us sliced up a magazine and to make a montage of our preferred things. We never thought of this as visual portrayal, it was simply workmanship class. Indeed while not in every case some portion of the language expressions principles it has been utilized and practically speaking for a long time. In the study hall we make dioramas, models, charts and maps which are all visual portrayals of a thought or idea. Visual portrayal requires an extraordinary arrangement of systems, for example, association, information assortment, and crowd recognizable proof so as to pass on a message. It gives off an impression of being unimaginable now to isolate the six segments of language expressions hitherto; as one expands on the other, information or knowledge is picked up, it is clear we should have each so as to process the other. Works Cited Dahlgren, D. M. (2008). Oral Language and jargon improvement Kindergarten First Grade. Nashville: Reading First National Conference. Recovered from http://www2.ed.gov/programs/readingfirst/2008conferences/language.pdf Roe, B., Ross, E. (2013). The Language Arts. Education.com.

Nuclear Energy Essays (1847 words) - Radioactivity,

Atomic Energy Atomic Energy Radioactive squanders, must for the security of humanity be put away or arranged in such a way, that detachment from the biosphere is guaranteed until they have rotted to harmless levels. In the event that this isn't done, the world could confront extreme physical issues to living species living on this planet. A few molecules can deteriorate immediately. As they do, they produce ionizing radiation. Particles having this property are called radioactive. By a wide margin the best number of employments for radioactivity in Canada relate not to the parting, yet to the rot of radioactive materials - radioisotopes. These are precarious particles that transmit vitality for a while that fluctuates with the isotope. During this dynamic period, while the particles are 'rotting' to a steady express their energies can be utilized by the sort of vitality they transmit. Since the mid 1900's radioactive squanders have been put away in various habits, yet since quite a while better approaches for a rranging and putting away these squanders have been grown so they may not, at this point be destructive. An extremely beneficial method of putting away radioactive squanders is by a procedure called 'vitrification'. Vitrification is a semi-nonstop procedure that empowers the accompanying tasks to be completed with a similar hardware: dissipation of the waste arrangement blended in with the borosilicate: any of a few salts got from both boric corrosive and silicic corrosive and found in specific minerals, for example, tourmaline. added substances necesary for the creation of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These tasks are completed in a metallic pot that is warmed in an acceptance heater. The vitrification of one heap of squanders involves the accompanying stages. The initial step is 'Taking care of'. In this progression the vitrification gets a consistent progression of blend of squanders and of added substances until it is 80% loaded with calcine. The taking care of rate and warming force are balanced so a watery period of a few liters is forever kept up at the outside of the pot. The subsequent advance is the 'Calcination and glass vanishing'. In this progression when the pot is basically brimming with calcine, the temperature is logically expanded up to 1100 to 1500 C and afterward is kept up for a few hours so to permit the glass to expound. The third step is 'Glass throwing'. The glass is thrown in a unique holder. The warming of the yield of the vitrification pot causes the glass fitting to dissolve, in this manner permitting the glass to stream into compartments which are then moved into the capacity. Albeit some portion of the waste is changed into a strong item there is still treatment of vaporous and fluid squanders. The gases that escape from the pot during taking care of and calcination are gathered and sent to ruthenium channels, condensers and scouring segments. The ruthenium channels comprise of a bed of condensacat e: result of buildup. glass pellets covered with ferrous oxide and kept up at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of fluid squanders, the condensates gathered contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then gathered in an evaporator where nitric corrosive is obliterated by formaldehyde in order to keep up low sharpness. The fixation is then killed and enters the vitrification pot. When the vitrification procedure is done, the holders are put away in a capacity pit. This pit has been structured so the quantity of compartments that might be put away is proportional to nine years of creation. Ground-breaking ventilators give air flow to chill off glass. The glass delivered has the upside of being put away as strong instead of fluid. The benefits of the solids are that they have practically complete insolubility, concoction latencies, nonattendance of unpredictable items and great radiation obstruction. The ruthenium that getaways is consumed by a channel. The measure of ruthenium prone to be discharged into the earth is insignificant. Another technique that is being utilized today to dispose of radioactive waste is simply the 'situation and preparing radioactive squanders in profound underground cavities'. This is the discarding harmful squanders by fusing them into liquid silicate rock, with low penetrability. By this strategy, fluid squanders are infused into a profound underground hole with mineral treatment and permitted to self-bubble. The subsequent steam is handled at ground level and

101 Things To Do Before You Graduate

13/101 Things To Do Before You Graduate Bloggers of old have written about the 101 Things To Do Before You Graduate list. See here, here, and  here, for example. To summarize: during orientation, every freshman receives a list of 101 things to do before they graduate, which they can (a) keep with them as they go through their four years at MIT, (b) leave in the closet for all four years, then pull it out when they graduate to use as a reminiscing tool, or (c) lose immediately, if theyre me. My friend Daniel 12, on the other hand, used his list as a placemat for his jade plants. He pulled it out after finals, and realized that he still had 26 items left.  In case you think this would be an easy thing to do in the two weeks between finals and graduation, take a look at what he had left: Run a bridge loop Take a class at Harvard or Wellesley Go clubbing on Landsdowne Street Buy clothes at the Garment district Ride a swan boat in Boston Common Take a Duck or Trolley Tour Try some New England clam chowder Walk the Freedom Trail Go on a Boston Harbor Cruise Check out the New England Aquarium Visit the top of the Prudential Center See a show at the Museum of Science Ice skate on Frog Pond Go shopping on Newbury Street See a Red Sox game in Fenway Go to Faneuil Hall Get funnel cake in Downtown Crossing Go on an MIT snowriders ski trip Get a discount on Bose products Visit Singing Beach at Manchester-by-the-Sea Play DDR in the Game Room Go rock climbing in Dupont Check out the MIT Museum Enjoy some Despinas pizza after 1 am Take free sailing lessons at the Sailing Pavilion Earn your degree. Um. The first thing you should notice is that the two weeks before finals and graduation is officially too late to do some of these things. Take a class at Harvard or Wellesley, for example. Ice skate on Frog Pond. The next thing you should realize is that some of these things are outdated. There is no longer a rock climbing wall in Dupont. Despinas pizza is now called Cafe 47. The Game Room by La Verdes (an on-campus grocery store) is now just has a bunch of tables and chairs. challenge accepted. Daniel and I put our heads together and did 13 of them in 2 days (MIT students are experts at getting a lot of stuff done at the very last minute): Run a bridge loop Ride a swan boat in Boston Common Try some New England clam chowder Walk the Freedom Trail Go on a Boston Harbor Cruise Check out the New England Aquarium Visit the top of the Prudential Center See a show at the Museum of Science Ice skate on Frog Pond Go shopping on Newbury Street Go to Faneuil Hall Get funnel cake in Downtown Crossing Go rock climbing in Dupont Whats that? Youre dying to find out how we managed to ice skate on Frog Pond? Great! Day 1 We drove to Boston Common (a big beautiful park right smack in the middle of the city), got lunch, then walked to Chinatown. First stop: buy some fish. I walked up to a very nice hairdresser, who spoke next to no English, to ask for directions. Me: Hello! Would you happen to know where we can buy some fish? Lady: ? Me: Umbuy some fish? Lady: ? Me: Fish? Lady: ? Me: Fish. Lady: OHHH! She smiled and pointed to a blue awning further down the street. We walked into the store, went up to the counter, and spoke with the very nice fishmonger who spoke next to no English. Me: Hello! Would you happen to sell any skate? Man: ? Me: Umskate? Man: ? Daniel pulled out his iPhone and looked up the Chinese character for skate. He showed it to the fishmonger. Man: OHHH! He pointed to a piece of meat that apparently came from something like this: Something worth mentioning: my only real phobia in the whole world is of dying fish. Not dead fish, not live fish: dying fish. Flopping fish. So, when the guy behind the counter slapped a LIVE FISH (not the skate; this was for some other customer) onto the scale and let it flop around, I booked it away to the stores candy section and hid, shivering. Daniel came to fetch me after buying the skate. Armed with a piece of skate, we walked to Boston Common, and found a lemonade stand. Daniel bought a Coke, and I asked for ice. Armed with the skate, and the ice, we walked to Frog Pondand iced the skate. Yeah. That happened. And Id like to point out that this is a totally legitimate reading of Ice skate on Frog Pond. They should have written it Go ice skating on Frog Pond. After the ice skating icing skate adventure, we took a Swan Boat ride. We wrapped up the day by walking the Freedom trail and eating funnel cake at Downtown Crossing, before driving back to campus in time for a trip to Cape Cod with a bunch of other French House friends. When we got back to MIT, we had one day to: Run a bridge loop Try some New England clam chowder Go on a Boston Harbor Cruise Check out the New England Aquarium Visit the top of the Prudential Center See a show at the Museum of Science Go shopping on Newbury Street Go to Faneuil Hall Go rock climbing in Dupont Day 2 The bridge loop we decided to run starts along the Cambridge side of the Charles River. We broke it into four chunks: (1) Along Memorial Drive (the Cambridge side of the Charles River), from the Harvard Bridge to the Longfellow Bridge. (2) Across the Longfellow Bridge. (3) Along the Promenade (the Boston side of the Charles River), from the Longfellow Bridge to the Harvard Bridge. (4) Across the Harvard Bridge. We started the day by running (1) and (2). (2) brought us to the Museum of Science, where we sprinted into the building one minute before the show started. After the show, we ran (3), then ate lunch and walked to Newbury Street, where I bought a pair of earrings. After that, we noticed that we were near the Prudential Center, so we went inside, ate some clam chowder, then  took the elevator to the top and immediately returned to the ground floor when we realized that one has to pay a ridiculous entrance fee up there. Whatever. We still got to the top! After visiting the Pru, we  got on the T (the Boston subway system) to go to the aquarium. After spending about an hour in the aquarium, we took a Harbor Cruise, before walking through Faneuil Hall and returning to the T stop on the other side of the river. We ran (4), completing the bridge loop. We then walked to Dupont (the MIT gym) Daniel brought a rock with him, and climbed it. And that was that. The next day, I said goodbye to all my senior friends and left Boston for the summer.  I hear that Daniel borrowed a friends DDR equipment and set it up in what used to be the game room. He and our friend Davie went to Landsdowne Street and hit each other with clubs (the playing card) since they didnt feel like actually going clubbing. Our friends Adrienne and Ben went to Harvard with him, and taught him to play Munchkin: a card game in which taking a class means becoming a wizard or a thief or something like that. Ben stacked the deck so that Daniel would start by taking a class, because he didnt want the game to last too long. Adrienne gave Daniel a sailing lesson. Yeah, some of this was cute and creative but Id measure the success by how fun it was. Embarrassing ourselves at Frog Pond (we got all kinds of weird looks from people, as you can probably imagine), running around the Museum of Science, going on a boat ride, seeing the aquarium all of those seem like perfect ways to spend ones last few days in Boston and at MIT. I still have two more years to finish that list. Ive decided to make it a personal goal for that list to be no different from 101 times that my friends and I did something awesome: each of those items is basically an excuse to go and have a good day. About two weeks ago, all of my senior friends did #101: they earned their degrees and graduated. Congratulations, you guys! Im torn between missing you dearly and being excited for the world, now that youre out in it. And thank you, Daniel, for the adventure.

Social Media As A Unicorn Essay - 1288 Words

Marketers want to make their social media as a unicorn rather than a horse. So, are they taking necessary measures for it? If your marketing is like squeaky wheels the social media channels are the oil in it. It is a contribution of precious time and resources. Social media allows small business to act big and make their online presence â€Å"WOW†. Here, I want to share a wide information regarding the benefits of open source social technology for business. The significant change that is required in this modern world is the change in technology that too without confusing the people. Every new technology performs the role exactly as planned. Similarly is in the case of open source technology. You must be thinking how the working of open source technology take place and what’s the reason it is to be open? The term â€Å"open† varies in meaning in different systems. Let s know about what the term â€Å"open source software† exactly define. What Is Open Source Software? It is a software where the public can view, use, modify and share the source code used in creating a program. The technology or the program that is included in developing open source are Linux operating systems, PostgreSQL databases, games, OpenOffice applications and programming languages like Python. The open source social media technology is usually built in Artificial intelligence. What is AI based social media technology? AI is basically used as an effective way to classify through tremendous clusters ofShow MoreRelatedSalvador Dalis The Agony Of Love By Salvador Dali942 Words   |  4 PagesCrystal Sanderson Due July 14, 2017 Artist: Salvador Dali Title: The Agony of Love Created: 1978 Media used: Gouache, Watercolor, and Pencil on Board Dimensions: 65.5 by 49cm Art is a very important factor in all aspects of life. For many centuries art has been present in structures, cultures, religions, and even in the basic things we see in our daily routines. 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Education Is A Major Aspect Of An American Childhood

Education is a major aspect of an American childhood. Students are first introduced to the education system at the age of five and are typically required to continue education until eighteen. After high school graduation we are granted the choice to continue our education at a university or a vocational school, or dive in full force in the workforce. Education aids students to determine how they will define success in their life. Though the hierarchy of the education system does not want to admit it, but today’s education does not give each an equal opportunity for each student to succeed. I believe the purpose of education should be to provide content that is applicable to the real world because, this would create a more enlightened community as well as allowing equal opportunity to all students. When people think of the word â€Å"education† most people associate it with school, because of our daily routine of going to school. 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Age Of Discovery Essay - 939 Words

What were the Effects of the Age of Discovery? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Age of Exploration was a time of struggle and wealth for many European countries. The pursuit of a trade route to the Far East led many countries across the ocean, looking for the great spice cities that were rumored by Marco Polo. These countries knew that whoever found the shortest or best route would become rich, very quickly. Explorers from many European countries embarked on journeys that not even they had any clue where they were going. This search for the Far East led to many discoveries that would otherwise have never been found. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Christopher Columbus may have been one of the most influential people ever to live. His†¦show more content†¦The world trade of the period increased to an unprecedented amount. There was new types of businesses, new goods to be sold, and most importantly, new land to conquer. The exchange of goods from the New World and Europe increased Europeamp;#8217;s wealth, but not only was there an exchange of goods, but also an exchange of disease. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first effect of the Age of Exploration, was the finding of the New World. The New World provided opportunities for European countries to conquer new lands and to obtain wealth while conquering. After Columbus amp;#8220;found; the New World, there were European explorers embarking on new journeys there constantly. They would set up new colonies and conquer new lands. From these colonies, they set up trading posts back to their mother countries. Gold, fur, corn, potatoes, tobacco, chocolate, and many other products were brought back to Europe. The wealth from these products could only be imagined. The countries would then trade their imports to other countries and make a huge profit. This influx of money and goods led to the change of the economic systems in Europe. This change caused the Commercial Revolution, or the establishment of many types of new businesses. The Commercial Revolution was caused not only from the income of the trading of goods, but also the large amounts of gold an silver that were found and shipped back toShow MoreRelatedThe Age of Discovery Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pages The Age of Discovery which began in the 15th century was one of the ground breaking time periods for European global exploration to Africa and India, and which lead to the ascending of European power. While there were many prominent explorers during this era such as Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan, Vasco da Gama is widely seen as one of the most successful explorers of this time period. 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Case study-Gianna Replacement Surgery

Question: Discuss about the Case study for Gianna of Replacement Surgery . Answer: 1: Gianna was suffering from osteoporosis and had to undergo total hip replacement surgery due to fracture of the hip. The hip is the largest weight-bearing ball and socket type joint present at the juncture of leg and pelvis. The ligament attached to the joint is lubricated by synovial fluid and provides stability to the joint. Synovial fluid allows flexing of joints without getting weared away and allows movement without pain. The problem in the hip may be caused by osteoporosis, fracture, dislocation, bursitis and bone tumor. The regulation of pro-inflammatory pathway and the homeostatic mechanism fails in patient with severe osteolysis (Gallo et al., 2013). Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the density and quality of bone are reduced. Bone becomes porous, brittle and fragile due to loss of tissue due to hormonal change or deficiency of Vitamin D. The primary reasons for which a person develops osteoporosis includes high rate of bone loss at the time of achieving peak bone mass and poor acquisition of bone mass during maturity. This mechanism may be influenced by environmental and genetic factors (Armas Recker, 2012). 50% of bone mass accumulates during pubertal development, and other additional accumulation takes place in the adult maturity period. As peak bone mass is achieved during the maturity period of life, some may have a problem in accumulation due to genetic factors. The genes responsible for osteoporosis are genes for estrogen receptor, transforming growth factor , collagen and apolipoprotein E (Ralston de Crombrugghe, 2006). Bone loss is also triggered by environmental factors like nutrition, behavior, and medica tions. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption and facilitates development of bone mineral. A person who has taken low dose of calcium in childhood is vulnerable to fracture in later part of his/her life. Behavioral activities like smoking and alcohol consumption also accelerated bone loss and have an effect on peak bone mass development (Drake et al., 2015). Fractured joints can be treated by hip replacement surgery or hip arthroplasty. The type of surgery depends on the patients age, level of physical mobility, location of fracture, mental strength and condition of hip and joint. Internal fixation is done by using devices like rods, plates, screws and pins to hold the bone in place. This treatment is given when fractures occur in the extracapsular or intracapsular region of hip joint (Mller et al., 2012).Hemiarthroplasty is suggested in older patients who have already lost their mobility prior to fracture and when fractures occur inside the socket of the hip joint (Olsen et al., 2014). Total hip replacement surgery is also a treatment procedure required in those patients whose hip joint has been damaged by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this treatment is to relieve pain, improve the function of hip and increase mobility. Total hip replacement surgery involves replacing acetabulum with an artificial prosthesis an d replacing the proximal femur with the artificial stem to enhance mobility in patients (Ellman Levine, 2013). 2: According to the case study Gianna Rossi was a seventy nine years old lady who have undergone a total hip replacement or arthroplasty since x-ray has revealed a fracture on her left leg which resulted from osteoporosis. Post her surgery she was shifted to the post anesthetic recovery room (PARU). At this stage she was almost unconscious and on wakening up she was under tremendous pain. The surgery and the anesthesia have effected three physiological functions of Gianna. First of all the ventilation was affected due o her anesthesia followed by her surgery. Her signs reflect that her respiration was 10 and the oxygen saturation was 93%. Most often general anesthetics modifies the rate of breathing in individual. According to Roz et al. (2015), opioid as an anesthetic has impact on the control of respiration rate. In terms of Gianna, the use of opioid as an anesthetic lowered the respiration in her. The use of Morphine due to her pain aced as a pain suppressor through the process of respiratory depression. Before the discharge from the Post anaesthetic recovery room (PARU) her signs reflected her pulse as 110, temperature as 36 degree centigrade and blood pressure as 95 / 50. Moreover, her blood loss during her surgery was estimated as 1700mls. The effect of opioid and anesthetic during surgery has many affects on the circulation process as well. The use of opioid or anesthetic makes the heart rate either fast or slow. In this case Giannas pulse rate increased above the normal value, that is 110 after the surgery. As stated by Brennan (2013), Morphine which is an opioid was used to relief her pain due to operation might cause fluctuations in her heart rate. Moreover, due to the blood loss during the surgery the blood pressure of the patient resulted in lowering of the blood pressure. In case of Gianna the blood pressure accounted to 95 /50. Use of opioid may develop postural hypotension or severe fall of the pressure on lying position or sitting up. At first Gianna was administered for two hours, she was given oxygen for 6L per minute with the help of Hudson mask. The main features shown by her at that time are: the temperature of her body was thirty six degree centigrade, her pulse rate was 110, blood pressure 95 / 50 , respiration was 10 and oxygen saturation of her body was 93%. A foam abduction pillow was provided to her between her legs. When she woke up she was not in her full consciousness. But she was still complaining about the pain. In order to relief her from the pain she was administered with 5 mg of Morphine which was beneficial to her. Due to the consumption of Morphine she slept for some more time. After Morphine was monitored to Gianna she was transferred to the orthopedic ward. According to Whitehead et al. (2015), the main use of any anaesthetic is to depress the central nervous system. In case of Gianna, the hip replacement surgery required generalized anaesthesia which ultimately made her unconscious complete by affection the sense organs. Addition to this the use of Morphine after Gianna got back her consciousness, lead to dizziness and hallucination. This made her feel sleep again. Opioids have multiple inhibitory affects in terms of the cerebral activity. Opioids are usually believed to augment sleep but there is little evidence to support this belief. In case of Gianna use of anaesthic, loss of blood during surgery and use of Morphine has resulted in abnormalities with regards to ventilation, circulation and consciousness. The result of vital sign assessment showed that it is the affect of the surgery and anesthetic drug on patient (Whitehead et al., 2015). 3: Gianna has undergone hip replacement surgery following fracture of her left hip. After hip replacement surgery she was shifted to the PARU. At that time Gianna was sleepy and difficult to arouse. A redivac drain and indwelling urinary catheter were fixed to the patient in situ. At that point, her pulse rate was a little high and blood pressure was extremely low. She had acute pain then. After transfer to the orthopedic ward, she was eating well, but she required assistance with her daily activities (ADLs). The patient was worried about her loss of independence post the surgery. Currently, she is mobilizing using a four-wheeled walker, and her pain is managed by medications like Paracetamol and Tramadol. The discharge plan of the patient is based on her current condition of pain and morbidity present post surgery. The discharge plan for Gianna are as follows: Gianna needs to put the dry dressing on hip incision once or twice a day. It will help to clean the drainage that occurs from wound. If the drainage continues even after dressing, Gianna must immediately pay a follow up visit. Till the dry dressing is in place, Gianna cannot apply ointment in the incision area for about 6-7 weeks (Choi et al., 2016). Make sure that the stitches are in place and patient should get it removed by medical staff after two weeks of discharge (Garson et al., 2014). Support or wheelchair is necessary for Gianna for six weeks after discharge even if she can mobilize. This will minimize the risk of falling and allow the bone to grow into replaced components of the hip (Choi et al., 2016). It is necessary for Gianna to put a pillow between her leg while sleeping for the first six weeks. It would be better if Gianna sleeps on her right side as she had undergone hip replacement surgery on her left side (Garson et al., 2014). While taking shower Gianna must pat dry the surgery wounds after bath and avoid soaking it in bath tub for one-two months. Gianna should also not take bath during for 4 days after discharge (Garson et al., 2014). To manage her medication, Tramadol and Paracetamol medication has been prescribed to Gianna. It will help manage her pain. However, Vazzana et al., (2015) suggest avoiding this medicine if Gianna suffers from breathing problems or if she uses narcotic drugs. It has been found that there maximum chance of seizure due to this medication in those patients who has epilepsy disorder or those who takes medicine for migraine, muscle spasm, and depression. Gianna might also suffer breathing problems, so she must discontinue this medication in she faced this kind of difficulty. Gianna is advised not to drive and wear compression stockings to prevent the blood clot. It is also necessary for Gianna to consult a physiotherapist and attend his sessions to learn to manage daily life activities independently at home. Physical therapy Controlled exercise and physical therapy will be beneficial to strengthen hip muscles and prevent contractures. This session will also help Gianna to learn management of activities post surgery (Westby et al., 2014). Reference Armas, L. A., Recker, R. R. (2012). Pathophysiology of osteoporosis: new mechanistic insights.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America,41(3), 475-486. Brennan, M. J. (2013). The effect of opioid therapy on endocrine function.The American journal of medicine,126(3), S12-S18. Choi, J., Jacelon, C. S., Kalmakis, K. A. (2016). Webà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based, Pictographà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ formatted Discharge Instructions for Lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ literacy Older Adult after Hipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ replacement Surgery: Findings of Endà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ user Evaluation of the Website.Rehabilitation Nursing. Drake, M. T., Clarke, B. L., Lewiecki, E. M. (2015). The pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis.Clinical therapeutics,37(8), 1837-1850. Ellman, M. B., Levine, B. R. (2013). Fracture of the modular femoral neck component in total hip arthroplasty.The Journal of arthroplasty,28(1), 196-e1. Gallo, J., Goodman, S. B., Konttinen, Y. T., Raska, M. (2013). Particle disease: biologic mechanisms of periprosthetic osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty.Innate immunity,19(2), 213-224. Garson, L., Schwarzkopf, R., Vakharia, S., Alexander, B., Stead, S., Cannesson, M., Kain, Z. (2014). Implementation of a total joint replacement-focused perioperative surgical home: a management case report.Anesthesia Analgesia,118(5), 1081-1089. Mller, M. E., Bandi, W., Bloch, H. R., Allgwer, M., Willenegger, H., Mumenthaler, A., ... Weber, B. G. (2012).Technique of internal fixation of fractures. Springer Science Business Media. Olsen, F., Kotyra, M., Houltz, E., Ricksten, S. E. (2014). Bone cement implantation syndrome in cemented hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture: incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcome.British journal of anaesthesia,113(5), 800-806. Ralston, S. H., de Crombrugghe, B. (2006). Genetic regulation of bone mass and susceptibility to osteoporosis.Genes development,20(18), 2492-2506. Roz, H., Germain, A., Perrier, V., Dewitte, A., Joannes-Boyau, O., Fleureau, C., Ouattara, A. (2015). Effect of flumazenil on diaphragm electrical activation during weaning from mechanical ventilation after acute respiratory distress syndrome.British journal of anaesthesia,114(2), 269-275. Vazzana, M., Andreani, T., Fangueiro, J., Faggio, C., Silva, C., Santini, A., ... Souto, E. B. (2015). Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems.Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy,70, 234-238. Westby, M. D., Brittain, A., Backman, C. L. (2014). Expert consensus on best practices for postacute rehabilitation after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a Canada and United States Delphi study.Arthritis care research,66(3), 411-423. Whitehead, R. A., Schwarz, S. K., Asiri, Y. I., Fung, T., Puil, E., MacLeod, B. A. (2015). The efficacy and safety of the novel peripheral analgesic isovaline as an adjuvant to propofol for general anesthesia and conscious sedation: a proof-of-principle study in mice.Anesthesia Analgesia,121(6), 1481-1487